Kenya Patient Summary FHIR IG
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Generic Personas

A persona is a depiction of a relevant stakeholder, or end-user, of the system. In this section, the goal is to provide a clear depiction of the end-users, supervisors, and related stakeholders who would be interacting with the digital system or involved in the care pathway.

Targeted generic personas

The targeted personas for this KPS DAK are health workers operating in care settings that are able to provide the required essential interventions for continuous care delivery. The key competences of these health workers are defined by WHO as follows:

Name Description Different Names International Standard for Classification of Occupations code (ISCO-08)
Nurse

A graduate who has been legally authorized (registered) to practise after examination by a state board of nurse examiners or similar regulatory authority. Education includes 3, 4 or more years in nursing school, and it leads to a university or postgraduate university degree, or the equivalent. A registered nurse has the full range of nursing skills.

Registered nurse, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, advance practice nurse, practice nurse, Licensed nurse, diploma nurse, BS nurse, nurse clinician

2221 (Nursing professionals)
Community Health Promoter

Community health promoters provide health education, referral and follow-up; case management and basic preventive health care; and home visiting services to specific communities. They provide support and assistance to clients seeking TB-related services and their families in navigating the health and social services system.

Health extension worker, community health volunteer, village health worker, treatment supporter, outreach worker, lay health worker, peer counsellor

3253 (Community health workers), 3259 (Health associate professionals not classified elsewhere)
Clerical Staff

A clerical staff assists in scheduling appointments, answers phone calls, greets clients, keeps/documents medical records and handles medical billing.

Registration clerk, Health Records Clerk, Medical Records Officer/Assistant 3252 (Clerk, information: health), 3253 (Health Information Technicians)
Doctor

A legally qualified and licensed practitioner of medicine, concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, through the science of medicine and the applied practice of that science.

Physician, general practitioner, medical doctor, non-specialist doctor 2211 (Generalist medical practitioners)
Specialist Doctor

A physician with advanced training and certification in a particular medical field (e.g., oncology, cardiology, psychiatry). They are often consulted in cases requiring deep clinical expertise beyond general practice.

Consultant, Specialist Physician, Sub-specialist 2212 (Specialist medical practitioners)
Pharmacist

Pharmacists store, preserve, compound and dispense medicinal products. They counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by medical doctors and other health professionals. They contribute to researching, testing, preparing, prescribing and monitoring medicinal therapies for optimizing human health.

Chemist, clinical pharmacist, community pharmacist, hospital pharmacist, retail pharmacist, dispensing chemist 2262 (Pharmacists)

In addition to the targeted personas detailed above, there may be value in exploring other health worker occupational groups and personas within the context of KPS services. However, these were not identified as the central personas for the data and decision-support content detailed in this DAK. Additional related personas are listed below:

Name Description Different Names (if relevant) International Standard for Classification of Occupations code (ISCO-08)
Client

A man or woman who intends to receive KPS services from the targeted health worker personas. A client who is under 19 years of age is considered to be an adolescent.

N/A N/A
Caregiver

A Caregiver is a non-professional (often a family member or community-based support person) who provides direct care and emotional, physical, or logistical support to patients, especially those who are elderly, disabled, chronically ill, or pediatric.

Informal carer, Next of Kin, Guardian N/A
Radiographer

Radiographers (also known as radiologic technologists) perform diagnostic imaging examinations, such as X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, and ultrasounds, to help diagnose and treat medical conditions. They operate imaging equipment, prepare patients for procedures, and ensure radiation safety protocols are followed.

Radiologic technologist, diagnostic radiographer, X-ray technician, imaging technician, sonographer (for ultrasound specialization), CT/MRI technologist

3211 – Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians
Laboratory Technologist

A person who performs clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues to get information about the health of a patient or cause of death. They use approved assays and operate equipment such as microscopes, PCR machines, and flame photometers for analysis.

Medical laboratory technician, pathology laboratory technician, medical laboratory assistant, pathology technician, laboratory personnel, laboratory worker

3212 – Medical and Pathology Laboratory Technicians
Paramedical Practitioners

Paramedical practitioners provide emergency medical treatment, pre-hospital care, and limited diagnostic and therapeutic services under the supervision or delegation of licensed medical doctors. They are often first responders in emergencies.

Paramedic, emergency medical technician (EMT), clinical officer (in some LMICs), advanced EMT, emergency care practitioner, Clinical Officers

2240 – Paramedical practitioners

Additional considerations for contextualizing personas

Although this section provides an overview of the generic roles of the targeted personas, it will be important to contextualize these personas to your setting. The generic personas described in Tables 3 and 4 can be supplemented by reflecting on these additional considerations:

  • Background and demographics: for example, gender, age, whether they are from the community, familiarity with digital devices, do they own a mobile phone or a smartphone.
  • Local environment and any relevant contextual information about their surroundings: for example, work-site characteristics; rural or urban; availability of electricity, water, internet; distance from nearest referral facility.
  • Expected roles and responsibilities: What are the expected roles and responsibilities based on the country context? How does this differ from the roles and responsibilities defined by WHO?
  • Actual roles and responsibilities: What are their actual roles and responsibilities, if there is any difference from what is expected? Context: What is the level of internet connectivity? How are they compensated? How far away is the nearest referral facility? What other personas or health workers do they interact with?
  • Challenges: What are the day-to-day challenges the end user might face?
  • Motivations: What does success look like to them? Are there targets they need to achieve?